Lightning-arrester.



A. CHERNYSHFF,

A UGHTNNG ARRESTEB APPLICATION mmsw. lo, Ism.

1,212,129. 1mm@ Jan.

NVEIUOR MTGHNEY HOUSE ELECTRIS AYE 32.53255- "v-ANIA..

,1922129- Ritented'fl'an. 9, 1936251,

ji parution of @zich disturbing `niLiieii'L'Ly i'iected back upcml 5 i gmail goizion of the disurbance ectrical a'ppaiatu's., m

1V imposes abnormal T0 ali who/m, i may Be known that NYSHOFF, a, subject Q ami a isiden'n of S Allegheny and State invented a new :mai 'uf Lig-Maniiig-Ayresmis7 @i My, l, upcm *me ime haa meting io/@eci Concentrated in ami iipgma/ug if are efiposef by i i by lightning isbgiarf disturbances that accom HOW of high-frequency cuiieiia.

My invention rsiaiies f zuifuiv 'v ning Wich ai@ vs u. ope' ation and which iequ n@ nections or csr N' "i @imite coil, and resistor" i A *,herewitii, th i A n with line @Qaidiieis ef of the @im no1-mai www? current, is vey iiztie im imc-e to ie transmission C-ciiductor. 7G ii iiighfrequency disturb con the iine., the choke mii sion ndiictm'" A siiifbanc@ ojow through the'enei'giy" of the dif @by con'veitino :i liu-ge pom/Lou it is weil known int@ heat. liiasmuch as only is inserted in a sicui i i the @nergy of the disturbance ti-af'iing aioiigi im@ heat by the. resistoi and upon the iin@ .i of the disturbing wav@ is *caching the elim. 'upc-n, :bha line, While sii the ine. Homver, a. e i is j-eimitte. to ow through Ways effective in @E A, it Wiii be ieaciiiy uixdersood very high frequency mi rangement does not insur age because the ent a f ai spgm choke coil Gummi 00m@ 1l istui'bances. instance, it is ve he aforesaid delec" S5 une@ "i ciisim z' eseis ciescioed, it :uni 51u55 uiiinteimgte ilov zi combinnioi" o machinew which if W n imi inducclmiie in siioaic Aiiohm- Wel siste; of :i cmisemi from of? the hemmen ing *ti-nimm tween a conducto); am VV il Uf this ziizrzmgenient "Sha the disturbing 'give mi! 1 tha iin@ by the ondeiisei? ting i@ smai portion @i Wav@ to iuough dm mms.

in auch m the abom devices, the disturbin rfg-'i'ecigeii" back upon uit mici the 1v1-x ai connecteiil. tu

miie conductor. i@ 10Q he disturbing; line, with itl: iwl'izii "i element lfnieots he upon the iin@ A tu a Thess, 'two individual@ y0 fmbszmtiuliy neutralize ein;

other and, therefore, permit only a small portion of the disturbing wave to pass through the resistor where its energy is dissipated as heat. lt will be seen that this protective device has a drawback resulting from the necessity of making,` an electrical connection between transmission line conductors. ln high-voltage installations, this is particularly undesirable because of the difficulty in properly insulating the line conductors from each other.

One object of my invention is to provide a protective device for protecting electrical circuits`- and the apparatus associated therewith against strains occasioned by the flow of high-frequency currents. Also, by means of my invention, protection may be afforded against currents of extremely wide ranges.

of frequency. v

A, further object of my invention is to 4provide a lightningV arrester which does not require periodical inspections and renewals, and which may be easily inserted in the electrical circuit without any additional supporting structureA and the usual and unreliable ground connections.

lo understand the nature of my invention, reference may be had to the following description andthe accompanying drawing which is a diagrammatic view showing a transmission line conductor provided with devices constructed in accordance with my invention. l

With a transmission line conductor 1, l have shown a plurality of seriesr trans; formers 2, 3 and l, or the equivalent thereof, the primary windings of which are connected in series relationship. rllhe vsecondary windings 5, G and 'E' of said transformers are connected in local circuits each of which comprises a capacity element, a resistor and spark v aap members. v'

'lio illustrate ymore particularly the cornposition of the local circuits associated with the secondary windings of the transformers, l will describe a local circuit 8 which comprises the secondary winding 5 of the transformer 2. rhe primary winding 9 of the transformer 2 is inductively related to the secondary winding 5 in any suitable manner, but preferably through the intermediary of an air core. It will be understood, however, that an iron core provided with a suitable air gap may be used. Itis important that the primary winding 9 shall offer very little impedance to the flow of normal power currents of substantially low frequencies. However, when disturbing, highfrequency and high-power currents traverse the primary winding 9, it is important that the secondary winding 5 shall be very closely inductively linked therewith in order that the energylof the disturbance may be quickly and expeditiously transferred from the line conductor l to the local or secondary cirrelance cuit S.""A condenser 10 of the desired ca-. pacity is connected in multiple with the secondary winding 5 and also with a subsidiary discharge circuit 10 comprising resistors ll and adjustable spark gap members 12. The resistors ll will usually be ohmio, but it will be understood that any device in which energy is dissipated or converted into another form of energy may be used. The spark gap members l2 are adjustable so that the proper spark lgap for certain electrical conditonsmay be readily obtained. It is apparent that the electrical constants of the elements comprising my protective vdevice may be varied and so related as to dissipate most effectively the energy of disturbances having; quantities of energy and frequencies within fixed limited ranges.

When a high-frequency disturbance traverses the conductor 1 and, consequently, the primary windings of 'the series transformers 2, 3 and t, it is absorbed by Ithe particular secondary circuit or circuits which select it. To illustrate: the secondary circuit 8 is so constituted as to dissipate most effectively a disturbance of a certain amount of energy and of a certain-frequency. The condenser' l0 instantaneously absorbs the energy of this disturbance and subsequently discharges it vthrough the discharge circuit 10a. condenser l0, the resistors 11 and the spark gap members l2, the discharge circuit l0 may have a natural period of vibration which will greatly exceed that of the disturbance, the energy of which it is designed to dissipate. A's the condenser discharges in By reason of the combination of the l the discharge circuit 10a, the energy of the disturbance upon the conductor l is trans-v ferred intoheat by means of the resistors 1l. and the'spark gap formed by the spaced members l2. By connecting the condenser l0 in shunt to the secondary winding 5 of the transformer 2, the transmission line conductor l is instantaneously relieved of the high-frequency disturbance, inasmuch as the condenser absorbs-the charge by reason of the close inductive interlinkage between the primary winding 9 and the secondary winding when subjected to-high-frequency impulses. When the quantity of electricity absorbed by the condenser 10 raises the potential of the condenser and subjects the spark-gap 1.2 to a sufliciently high voltage to effectI a discharge, the auxiliary discharge circuit l0a will oscillate at a frequency in excess of the original disturbance because of the low inductance of said auxiliary circuit. l't will be apparent that the electrical constants of rioy iis

for dissipating the energy unsern' ei'gy of abnormal distui' ineens connected in multiple Win ii means i'irst ineens. u

l0. in protective eppu'atus un sien tricui system, me combination ith e, line conductor, and. ineens loosely coupiefi these with and iresponsive to nein iine Genti? tions for insta#ntunecmsi1 a isoir ng oniy tbe energy of abnormal distuibenee' of menuss which in conjunction with ineens constitutes an osciiiui ing u natual peiied of vibw from the equeney' ci' Y ance, connected n muitipie ineens for dissip ting thereby e equenej7 time constants o sini ose' ii. in protective zu tfieii system, the Geniee conductor, sind nieu' s. coupied theiewith une, mies on, mui reuueneies but edeptee te sui tieiiy Giese? ceupiei t de ei'mineci. e eessive feiiing oniy time energy i e quencies i seconc'imy eiieu I @Lenser associated thefewitii "es ubsui'bing ing the line conductor of ubnef si quencies7 and ineens w n condenser for cbssipeti 1:; euse-ebelt? lil. piotetive tricui s 'ystein5 i conciuetoi'Ll u secondari] en" cu it 'C oi' tu in in@ en@ tion i, ith a conduete :uu

connecte@ thereto and ha? o" 'n' seeendmfy windings that induetiveiy eluted only at abnoi'nwi frequencies, of e condensei connecte-i5. in multiple to seeuncizujf wint for absorbing the eneigy oi? abnormal I1 uennemies tinnsifei'refi the secondary' .viuing and s sub i comprising; e-neugy-con uffi i nected in inuitipie to eo e siputing the en "y ebsob 7* tuefeu in u piotec ve dei -1 the' combinetion with line conducts?? enti u tirensolinei connected tbei'ete und huviue pfirneiy seconfiey windings induetveiy reie't'ed only when ebnoi-inei' ,iequency distuifbunces tireverse seid ist' my 'winGoingu uit subsidiary tuned. eii'euit in inuitipie te seid secondary' Windi and com pi'ising a condenser, e i'esistu e spe-fk gap device.

16. The method of gorotectiiw en. eiectiicei sys ,n iiom abiueiina. ieu ,icy disturb euses which consists in i soielng the en :ifi ubnoiinei distubunees and subse- ,f dissiputing f energy.

rV'ue method of p' i' i system., "rein zibno mai ences which consiste enc-,tgv

18. e method p system freni :ibnomnai ijequeney ciistui'bences which consists in using to entbe abnormal disturbeuces enti. subsequent y 7^ f in oseilsnee.J which soimuy the eneigy oi: i (.istuben emi euesequenuj ubsefbefi enegy by pioffue' VE esciim frequency li'ieri from the ifethe initial disturbainee, QCL Themetnoci of protecting un electrical system from abnormal frequency disturbences which consists in storing the energy e Condenser eenden sei` of sai abnorme?. distuibnnees in and subseffue V isch .A iv" 1 

